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Ana Maria Vargas Falla.

Ana Maria Vargas Falla

Director of first and second cycle studies

Ana Maria Vargas Falla.

Colombia’s long road toward peace : implications for environmental human rights defenders

Author

  • Torsten Krause
  • Fariborz Zelli
  • Ana Maria Vargas Falla
  • Juan Antonio Samper
  • Britta Sjöstedt

Summary, in English

Human rights defenders, social leaders, and environmental and indigenous activists fight for political, cultural, social, economic, and environmental rights and often face intimidation and violence as a consequence. In this article, we analyze how the implementation of the peace agreement signed in 2016 between the government of Colombia and the FARC-EP guerrilla group affects environment and human rights defenders (EHRD) in Colombia. Despite the expectation of a more peaceful future following the peace agreement, EHRD have faced increased intimidation and violence in Colombia, making it the most dangerous country for EHRD globally. We seek to understand this counter-intuitive development through Fraser’s theory of social justice that stresses the need for integrated measures to address economic, political, and cultural injustices in parallel. The theory argues that a focus on correcting cultural misrecognition and political underrepresentation of vulnerable groups may, paradoxically, mask or even facilitate further injustices, if that focus is not matched by sufficient efforts to address economic maldistribution. The fate of EHRD since the peace agreement reflects such an imbalance in justice priorities, which is in the way of lasting and sustainable peace. Drawing on data from secondary sources, ethnographic interviews, and an analysis of policies and laws, we find that, since the peace agreement was signed, new forms of maldistribution have emerged and solidified in the country, including land grabbing, displacement of local populations, resource extraction, and illicit economies, which are strongly related to the growing influx of drug cartels. Despite the increasing advocacy of international organizations and regional legal agreements to protect EHRD, they are caught in precarious roles between cultural recognition and political and economic abandonment by state institutions and are affected by the global trade in illicit products, and the demand for land for agricultural products and minerals. This finding, we argue, warrants more research into the imbalance of addressing local and global injustices during peace processes and its fatal implications for EHRD in Colombia and globally.

Department/s

  • LUCSUS (Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies)
  • BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate
  • LU Profile Area: Nature-based future solutions
  • Department of Political Science
  • Department of Sociology of Law
  • Department of Law

Publishing year

2025

Language

English

Publication/Series

Ecology and Society

Volume

30

Issue

1

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

The Resilience Alliance

Topic

  • Other Social Sciences

Keywords

  • Colombian Peace Agreemen
  • deforestation
  • environmental justice
  • scazú Agreement
  • Putumayo
  • social leaders
  • violence

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1708-3087